There is again a pressure spike (negative this time) as the load accelerates downwards, but the pressure reverts to P = F/A once the steady speed V = R/A cm s −1 is achieved.įinally, in Figure 1.12c both valves are open. In Figure 1.12b, the inlet valve has been closed, and the outlet valve opened allowing R cm −3 s −1 to flow out of the cylinder. The load rises with a velocity V = Q/A cm s −1 and velocity can obviously be controlled by adjusting flow rate Q. When the inlet valve is first opened, a pressure spike is observed as the load accelerates, but the pressure then settles back to a steady value of P = F/A kg f cm −2, where A is the area of the piston in cm 2 and F is measured in kg f. In Figure 1.12a, fluid is delivered to a cylinder at a rate of Q cm 3 s −1. The relationships between force, pressure, flow and speed
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